إدارة المكتبات العامة بين المركزية و اللامركزية = Public Library Management between Centralization and Non-Centralization
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Linear centralization classifier
A classification algorithm, called the Linear Centralization Classifier (LCC), is introduced. The algorithm seeks to find a transformation that best maps instances from the feature space to a space where they concentrate towards the center of their own classes, while maximimizing the distance between class centers. We formulate the classifier as a quadratic program with quadratic constraints. W...
متن کاملCentralization and decentralization: Theories and Models
The questions of centralization and decentralization arise in every polity. The constitution or the practice or both have to settle how much of policy making is to be decided by the central government and by component bodies. By and large liberalism and decentralization tend to go together while authoritarianism tends to be associated with centralization. The constitutional model which is gener...
متن کاملPublic Budget Composition, Fiscal (De)Centralization and Welfare
We present a dynamic two-region model with overlapping generations. There are two types of productive public expenditure, education and infrastructure funding, and governments decide optimally on budget size (tax rate) and its allocation across the two outlays. Productivity of government infrastructure spending can differ across regions. This assumption follows well established empirical eviden...
متن کاملCENTRALIZATION , Decentralization , Recentralization :
Abstract China’s educational leaders have long debated the pluses and minuses of decentralization of control and resources of China’s vast educational enterprise. During various periods of post-1949 China, the central authorities have devolved control to the provinces, key cities, and rural communes, only to recentralize later usually due to political reforms. In this chapter various stages of ...
متن کاملExact bounds for degree centralization
Degree centralization is a simple and widely used index of degree distribution concentration in social networks. Conventionally, the centralization score is normalized by the maximum value attainable at the observed order; this results in a measure on the unit interval. Here, exact bounds are provided for degree centralization given density as well as order. It is shown that roughly half of the...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Cybrarians Journal
سال: 2015
ISSN: 1687-2215
DOI: 10.12816/0026432